Adiponectin gene polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) have been associated with BMI, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes in some cross-sectional studies.
Adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) are considered as candidate genes for type 2 diabetes because they mediate the metabolic effects of adiponectin on target tissues.
ADIPOQ genetic variants can affect circulating adiponectin levels and insulin resistance indexes in subjects with IFG or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in response to dietary intervention.
Adiponectin production has also been shown to be reduced in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and its circulating levels have prognostic significance in various cardiovascular diseases.
Adiponectin stimulates cholesterol efflux in macrophages and low adiponectin may in part contribute to disturbed reverse cholesterol transport in type 2 diabetes.
Adiponectin, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and metformin activate the AMP-kinase that exerts anti-inflammatory effects, and the influence of adiponectin and these drugs on monocytic CD163 was analysed, and cellular and sCD163 were determined in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
ADIPOQ, encoding adiponectin, is a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes (T2D) identified by genome-wide linkage analyses with supporting evidence showing the protein function in sensitizing insulin actions.
Adiponectin levels are reduced in NAFLD patients and genetic variants of adiponectin have been frequently associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
Adiponectin is one of the most bioactive substances secreted by adipose tissue and is involved in the protection against metabolic syndrome, artherosclerosis and type II diabetes.