Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in controlling the progression of lung cancer, hepatocellular cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer.
A novel vascular-targeting peptide for gastric cancer delivers low-dose TNFα to normalize the blood vessels and improve the anti-cancer efficiency of 5-fluorouracil.
High expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 promotes tumor metastasis and is associated with unfavorable prognosis in gastric cancer.
However, subtype-specific associations were observed for gastric cardia adenocarcinomas at MUC1/TRIM46/1q22 rs2070803 [HRAA versus GA+GG = 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24-3.78; P = 0.0068] and LTA/TNF/6p21.33 rs1799724 (HRTT+CT versus CC = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.07-1.57; P = 0.0077), and for diffuse-type GC at PSCA/8q24.3 rs2294008 (HRTT versus CT+CC = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.33-2.97; P = 7.8E-04).
However, the frequencies of individual haplotypes C and D, which had opposite alleles at -1031, -863, and -857, showed statistically significant differences between the gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer (P=0.005 and P=0.02, respectively), suggesting that the TNF/LTA genotypes might play an opposite role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer.
In the subgroup analysis, we found that TNF-α-238G/A polymorphism was associated with the increased risk of GC amongst Asians, especially in Chinese, but not in Caucasians.
Large meta-analyses confirmed the association between IL8, IL10, TNF-b, TP53 and PSCA, while genetic variation at different genes such as XPG, PLCE1, HFE, ERCC5, EZH2, DOC2, CYP19A1, ALDH2, and CDH1 have been reported to be associated with GC risk.
Our meta-analyses suggest that TNF-<i>α</i> T-857C polymorphism may be associated with increased risk of gastric cancer and hepatocellular cancer development.
Our study found that TNF-α expression may play a vital role in peritoneal metastasis of GC, while IL-1B expression might not be correlated with peritoneal metastasis.