One model was run for each AD risk factor, including: objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj-SCD), and genetic susceptibility [apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) as well as cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid (Aβ), total tau (tau), and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau).
Here, the role of APOE was investigated with regard to the efficacy of Patisiran, the first LNP-siRNA recently approved for clinical use in patients having transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis).
Our findings suggest that a high ABI, possibly related to arterial stiffness, is associated with elevated brain Aβ burden in cognitively healthy elderly individuals, particularly in APOE ε4 carriers.
Additionally, apolipoprotein E (APOE), the major genetic risk factor for AD, is predominantly secreted by astrocytes and plays a critical role in amyloid clearance and regulates glucose metabolism in an amyloid-independent manner.
The examined predictors of Aβ status were demographics; cognitive tests; white matter lesions; apolipoprotein E (APOE); and plasma Aβ<sub>42</sub>/Aβ<sub>40</sub>, tau, and neurofilament light.
Subsequent subgroup analyses showed that hypertension was associated with reduced AD signature cortical thickness only in APOE4 noncarriers, whereas hypertension was associated with elevated Aβ deposition in APOE4 carriers.
APOE4 (OR = 3.07 [1.33-7.07], p<sub>unc</sub> < 0.01) was associated with CSF-amyloid in SCD, while it was only predictive for PET-amyloid in MCI (OR = 9.44 [2.93, 30.39], p<sub>FDR</sub> < 0.01).
In addition to being the greatest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, expression of the ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein E can lead to cognitive decline during ageing that is independent of Alzheimer's amyloid-β and tau pathology.
Furthermore, these plant metabolites improved the lysosomal autophagy process by increasing the expression levels of Beclin-1, LC3II and cathepsin B genes for clearance of Aβ and NFT, and increased the expression of transporter proteins, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) for the clearance of Aβ load from brain across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as increased the expression of PPAR-γ and ApoE proteins for clearance of Aβ in ApoE mediated pathway from brain.
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the most important genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with ApoE4 thought to enhance and accelerate amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology.
In vivo, administration of SB-3CT to apoE4 animals significantly enhanced Aβ clearance from the brain to the periphery following intracranial administration of Aβ.
The accuracies of single clinical markers [apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) genotype, demographics, cognitive measures and cerebrospinal fluid analysis] in predicting amyloid-PET status were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
Evidence at the experimental level proves that apoE self-assembles into amyloid fibrilsin vitro, although the misfolding mechanism has not been clarified yet.
Together, the sex difference in the association between APOE and CSF measures of tau and the lack of a sex difference in the association with neurofibrillary tangles at autopsy suggest that APOE may modulate risk for neurodegeneration in a sex-specific manner, particularly in the presence of amyloidosis.
Herein, we tested whether anti-human apoE antibodies can decrease Aβ pathology in mice producing both human Aβ and apoE4, and investigated the mechanism underlying these effects.
Sex differences in the rates of decline remained after stratification by amyloid or apolipoprotein E (<i>APOE</i>) ε4 status but were absent in Alzheimer's disease over a 2-year period.
Amyloid-peptide β 42 Enhances the Oligomerization and Neurotoxicity of apoE4: The C-terminal Residues Leu279, Lys282 and Gln284 Modulate the Structural and Functional Properties of apoE4.
Focusing on the donor's sex and APOE ε4 status as nominal variables (i.e., omitting diagnosis from the stratification) revealed that increases in Aβ peptides were specific to female carriers of the ε4 allele and correlated with the proportional expression of BACE1/β-secretase and ADAM10/α-secretase in the cortex and with nicastrin (γ-secretase) expression in the hippocampus.