Results suggest that methylated RASSF1A and p14/ARF are related to CRC and IBD pathogenesis and may be used as molecular biomarkers for early detection of CRC and IBD.
The remaining case was CIMP negative and MMR proficient in both the components, harbored a BRAF mutation in the SSA/P counterpart, whereas the CRC one was APC and TP53 mutated and showed p16 and β-catenin dysregulation.
Regarding the higher levels of OCPs in CRC patients, along with hypermethylation of the p16 promoter gene, diminishing in AChE and PON-1 activity and increasing in oxidative stress factors, the role of OCPs and OPPs in the CRC progression in the South-East of Iran may be assumed.
Nine studies involving 1731 patients with colorectal cancer found that there was no association between p16 protein expression and OS of colorectal cancer in the overall analysis (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.55-1.10).
The frequency of genomic alterations seen in SBA demonstrated distinct differences in comparison with either colorectal cancer (APC: 26.8% [85 of 317] vs 75.9% [4823 of 6353], P < .001; and CDKN2A: 14.5% [46 of 317] vs 2.6% [165 of 6353], P < .001) or gastric carcinoma (KRAS: 53.6% [170 of 317] vs 14.2% [126 of 889], P < .001; APC: 26.8% [85 of 317] vs 7.8% [69 of 889], P < .001; and SMAD4: 17.4% [55 of 317] vs 5.2% [46 of 889], P < .001).
Compared with Fn-low/negative tumors, Fn-high MSI-H CRCs were significantly associated with a high density of CD68+ tumor-infiltrating macrophages (P = 0.019) and promoter CpG island hypermethylation of the CDKN2A (p16) gene (P = 0.008).
Our results suggest that tumor classification based on the CIMP status combined with MLH1 or p16 <sup>INK4a</sup> methylation is useful to predict prognosis in CRC patients.
Loss of expression of p16 was found in 30 % of CRC with methylation of the MLH1 promoter, but its expression was retained in all non-methylated and part of MLH1-methylated tumors (100 % specificity, 30 % sensitivity).
In blood samples, hypermethylated ALX4, FBN2, HLTF, P16, TMEFF1 and VIM were associated with poor prognosis, hypermethylated APC, NEUROG1, RASSF1A, RASSF2A, SDC2, SEPT9, TAC1 and THBD were detected in early stage CRC and hypermethylated P16 and TFPI2 were associated with CRC recurrence.
Hypermethylation of p16 was predictive of clinical outcome in metastatic CRC patients treated with cetuximab and FOLFIRI, irrespective of KRAS mutation.
Combined methylation of p16 and hMLH1 (CMETH2) discriminates a subpopulation with better prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with microsatellite instability tumors.
Progression from ulcerative colitis (UC) toward colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is multistep process that includes gene alterations of tumor suppressor genes, such as p53 and p16.
Investigation of IL-23 (p19, p40) and IL-23R identifies nuclear expression of IL-23 p19 as a favorable prognostic factor in colorectal cancer: a retrospective multicenter study of 675 patients.
The aim of this case control study was to analyze the promoter hypermethylation at CpG islands of p16 gene in CRC patients among the Kashmiri population and co- relate it with expression pattern of p16.