We observed remarkable suppression of foam cell formation by teneligliptin treatment <i>ex vivo</i> in macrophages isolated from diabetic <i>db/db</i> mice (32%) and T2D patients (38%); this effect was accompanied by a reduction of CD36 (<i>db/db</i> mice, 43%; T2D patients, 46%) and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) gene expression levels (<i>db/db</i> mice, 47%; T2D patients, 45%).
We report four novel genes associated with type 2 diabetes and recovery upon weight loss: ACAT1 (encoding acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1), ACACA (encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase α), ALDH6A1 (encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 family, member A1) and MTHFD1 (encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase).