However, which E3 ligases are activated for the ubiquitination of actin-cytoskeleton regulators involved in tumor metastasis remains to be fully elucidated.
We found that <i>RSU-1</i> silencing leads to downregulation of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (<i>GDF-15</i>), which has been associated with both actin cytoskeleton reorganization and metastasis.
Shear stress also promotes HSP27 depolymerization to small molecules and then regulates polar actin accumulation and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) polar activation, which further promotes tumor cell migration.
Profilin-1, cofilin-1, and VASP phosphorylated at Ser157 (pVASP-S157) and Ser239 (pVASP-S239) are ABPs that regulate actin polymerization and stabilization and facilitate cell metastases.
This study demonstrates that the atypical PKC inhibition impedes the metastasis of CRC cells by increasing phospho-Cofilin (S3) and changing actin organization.
Actin cytoskeletal reorganization is usually accompanied by the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑induced invasion and metastasis of cancer cells.
Lentivirus-mediated shRNA knockdown of SEPT9 in MCF-7 cells diminished tumor cell migration, focal adhesion (FA) maturation and the expression of β-actin, β-tubulin, Cdc42, RhoA, and Rac, whereas overexpression of SEPT9_i1 in SEPT9-knockdown MCF-7 cells promoted cell migration, FA maturation and relevant protein expression.
Using multiplexed immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging analysis, AR, ERα, and smooth muscle α-actin expression was detected and quantitated in benign prostate tissue (BPT), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), PRCA, and metastasis (MET) from patient specimens (n=340).
Post-translationally modified MIEN1 interacts with Syk kinase and Annexin A2 protein; polymerizes G-actin and stabilizes F-actin filament; induces focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and decrease cofilin phosphorylation implicated in both invasion and metastasis of different cancer types.
Here, we describe how the hyperactivation of Rac1 via the P29S mutation (Rac1<sup>P29S</sup>) in melanoma hijacks branched actin network assembly to coordinate proliferative cues that facilitate metastasis and drug resistance.
Moreover, SSH3 regulated the remodeling of actin, which is involved in the cytoskeleton signaling pathway, through its interaction with LIMK1/Rac1 and subsequently promoted CRC cell invasion and metastasis.
Transgelin (TAGLN) is an actin-binding protein that affects the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton indicating its robust potential as a metastasis initiator.
Nutraceuticals that form complexes with actin and reduce its polymerization can be used in cancer therapy to prevent cell migration and metastasis of tumors.
CONCLUSIONS Coronin 1c protein and F-actin protein are highly expressed in breast cancer and their expression may be related to the metastasis of breast cancer cells.
We further found that a possible mechanism of Rg3 inhibiting thyroid cancer cells metastasis was associated with inhibiting cells actin skeleton function.
Among these phosphoproteins, was the actin cytoskeleton regulator protein, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), where its change in phosphorylation status was found to be concomitant with STMN1-associated roles in metastasis.