While no consistent differences in HDL functions were observed ex vivo, people without vascular complications had higher levels of HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme that inhibits atherosclerosis in animal models.
PON1 inhibits the oxidation of HDL and low density lipoprotein (LDL), and is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including atherosclerosis.
<b>Background:</b> Paraoxonase 1 (PON1: EC 3.1.8.1) is a vital antioxidant enzyme against mainly atherosclerosis and many other diseases associated with oxidative stress.
PON1 activators, compounds 10, 13 and 17 stand out as potential drug candidates for further antioxidant studies and these compounds can be investigated for their therapeutic effects in many disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic liver inflammation and many more.
The aim of this review is to summarize the characteristics of PON-1, its interactions with drugs and its role in atherosclerosis and especially its relationship with carotid artery disease.
Mice, double-knockout (DKO) for ApoE (major cholesterol carrier in brain) and PON1 (paroxonase1, reduces oxidative stress), showed severe age-dependent atherosclerosis of the arteries carrying blood to the brain even on normal diet.
This study showed that altered HDL subclasses distribution, changed PON1 activities on different HDL subclasses as well as diminished anti-oxidative protection could be important factors in atherosclerosis development in CKD and ESRD patients.
Our aim was to investigate serum SAA, PON1, and apolipoprotein levels as indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with nonfunctioning AI (NFAI) and SH.
The polymorphisms of ApoE and paraoxonase (PON1) L55M (Met < Leu) allele genes lead to disorders in lipid metabolism and are related to atherosclerosis.
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is the antioxidant marker of high-density lipoproteins protecting against atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) phenotype.
Pro-oxidant effects produced by metals can be mitigated by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme known to prevent cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.
In sum, these findings allowed us to propose serum levels of anti-PON1 and anti-HDL antibodies as potential early biomarkers of endothelial damage and premature atherosclerosis in SLE, thus constituting useful therapeutic targets for the prevention of future CVD in these patients.
Sonographic evaluation of atherosclerosis burden in carotid arteries of ischemic stroke patients and its relation to paraoxonase 1 and 2, MTHFR and AT1R genetic variants.
PON1 acts as antioxidant preventing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, a process considered critical in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.