For the studied Th1 cytokines (IFN, TNF, IL-6, and IL-1), only IFN showed a significant decrease as a consequence of bacterial infection in mechanically ventilated rats.
In this study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) IL-6 (OnIL-6) was identified and characterized at expression level in response to bacterial infection and promotion of antibody production.
This work reported an ultrasensitive and quantitative microfluidic immunoassay combined with the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase (SA-B-HRP) nanocomplex-signal amplification system (MIS) to detect two inflammatory biomarkers, procalcitonin (PCT, for discriminating bacterial infections from nonbacterial infections) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, for monitoring the kinetics of infectious disease) simultaneously.
In conclusion, IL-6 combined with PCT can serve as an indicator with high sensitivity for detection of severe bacterial infections in children, which is of great significance for the differential diagnosis of severe bacterial infections in the early stage.
Furthermore, the expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in gingival tissue was significantly decreased in LG2055-administered mice after bacterial infection.
In this study, we demonstrate that IFNα, a cytokine that modulates the early innate immune responses toward viral and bacterial infections, potently enhances the production of IL-6 in neutrophils stimulated with R848, a TLR8 agonist.
Markers for diagnosis of bacterial infection, which includedprocalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Increased mast cell IL-6 production in response to combined TLR2 and NLR activation could play a role in the protection against bacterial infection, but potentially exacerbate inflammation-dependent conditions.
Bacterial infection (LPS) or metabolic alterations (palmitate) have distinct effects on IL-6 expression in hBSMC, (i) short term LPS induced autocrine JAK/STAT signaling and (ii) long-term endocrine regulation of IL-6 by palmitate.
Target genes of the NF-kappaB pathway, such as interleukin-6, were correspondingly down-regulated during bacterial infection with Salmonella expressing AvrA.
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1, interleukin(IL)6 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been implicated in the biological cascade of events initiated by particulate wear debris and bacterial infection, resulting in periprosthetic bone loss around loosened total hip replacements (THRs).
The possible role of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 as modulators of host resistance to bacterial infections is discussed.