Recently, studies have shown significant association between the rs2000999 polymorphism in the haptoglobin-encoding gene (HP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, which are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
Haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphism generates three common human genotypes (Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2), having functional differences, related to the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases.
We studied whether common variants of haptoglobin (Hp), which facilitates the removal of free hemoglobin and protects tissues from heme-iron induced oxidative damage, would modify the inflammatory response to IPH and the risk of unstable carotid stenosis (CS) and major cardiovascular diseases.
We review the biological mechanisms underlying the interaction between the Hp genotype and DM on CVD and the accumulating evidence in favor of Hp genotyping all individuals with DM and providing antioxidant vitamin E supplementation specifically to Hp 2-2 DM individuals to reduce their CVD morbidity and mortality.
This manuscript presents an overview of the biology of the haptoglobin genotype and reviews the literature concerning its role in the development of cardiovascular disease among individuals with diabetes mellitus.
Although no association between haptoglobin genotype and the presence of cardiovascular disease could be identified, we found a significant excess of patients with Hp2-1 genotype among those with refractory hypertension, who also had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total and LDL cholesterol levels.
Haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphisms have been suggested to be associated with many pathological conditions including cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and type 2 diabetes.
The haptoglobin 2-2 polymorphism is associated with increased production of oxygen free radicals and reduces levels of vitamin E and C; the consequent elevated risk for cardiovascular disease can be prevented by vitamin E supplementation.
There exists a common allelic polymorphism in the haptoglobin gene, which has recently been strongly associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in multiple independent cohorts.
Two common alleles exist at the haptoglobin (Hp) locus, and the Hp2 allele is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, specifically in diabetes mellitus (DM).
Application of pharmacogenomics in the prevention of diabetic cardiovascular disease: mechanistic basis and clinical evidence for utilization of the haptoglobin genotype in determining benefit from antioxidant therapy.
We have recently demonstrated in multiple independent population-based longitudinal and cross sectional analyses that the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with an increased risk for diabetic cardiovascular disease.
These results suggest that haptoglobin phenotype is an important risk factor in determining susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, which may be mediated by the decreased antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions of the haptoglobin 2 allelic protein product.
To understand the relationship between the Hp polymorphism and diabetic CVD, we sought to identify differences in antioxidant and scavenging functions between the Hp types and to determine how these functions were modified in diabetes.