The Hp genotypes have been associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus but the association in type 2 diabetes is more consistent with cardiovascular complications.
Proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides were increased in type 1 diabetes, and gut permeability (determined by zonulin levels) was significantly increased in type 1 diabetes and MODY2.
Some new biomarkers have been suggested for diagnosis of CD including ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), soluble syndecan-1 (SSDC-1), regenerating gene Iα (REG-Iα), Neurotensin, and Zonulin, which can be useful for diagnosis and screening of CD in childhood T1D.
Haptoglobin(Hp) 2-2 genotype has been shown to increase coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in numerous type 2 diabetes studies but in only one type 1 diabetes cohort.
Effect of vitamin E supplementation on HDL function by haptoglobin genotype in type 1 diabetes: results from the HapE randomized crossover pilot trial.
These results suggest that, although better control may reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease in Type 1 diabetes, a residual risk related to the haptoglobin 2 allele remains.
Reported elevated IsoP and WBC count concentrations over time among Hp 2 allele carriers lead to the hypothesis that the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity of the Hp 2 is inferior to that of the Hp 1 allele in type 1 diabetes.
The prevalence of the 1/1, 2/1 and 2/2 Hp genotypes was 28.5%, 46.7% and 24.8% in patients with type 1 diabetes and 20.9%, 38.8% and 40.3% in controls, respectively.
Despite the protective effect against vascular diabetes complications, a borderline increased risk of stroke was observed with Hp 1-1 in type 1 diabetes.
Recent evidence suggests that the haptoglobin (HP) 2-2 genotype, which codes for a protein with reduced antioxidant activity, may predict renal function decline in type 1 diabetes.
The identification and validation of haptoglobin as a putative serum biomarker for autoimmune T1D in rats now affords us the opportunity to test the validity of this protein as a biomarker for human T1D, particularly in those situations where viral infection is believed to precede the onset of disease.
Restoration of impaired intestinal barrier function by the hydrolysed casein diet contributes to the prevention of type 1 diabetes in the diabetes-prone BioBreeding rat.
The association between Lp-PLA(2) activity and CAD differs by CRP and haptoglobin genotype in this group of persons with type 1 diabetes and macroalbuminuria.
As oxidative stress has been associated with microvascular complications, we evaluated the relationship between Hp genotype and microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and early renal function decline in type 1 diabetes.
The Hp genotypes of 265 patients, 95 type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) sufferers with at least 10 years of disease and 170 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) sufferers with at least 5 years of disease were determined by allele-specific PCR; both groups included patients with and without DN.
We investigated the association between the haptoglobin genotype and the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a cohort of individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.
To evaluate endothelial function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes before the development of complications and to test for potential relationships between endothelial dysfunction and haptoglobin genotype.
When tested in serum samples collected during the pre-type 1 diabetes phase, elevated serum zonulin was detected in 70% of subjects and preceded by 3.5 +/- 0.9 years the onset of the disease in those patients who went on to develop type 1 diabetes.