The biomarker profiles associated with mortality differed significantly by CKD etiology as follows: DKD was associated with CysC (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6), ADMA (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), and NT-proBNP (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.1), GN was associated with FGF23 (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), TnI (HR 3.6, 95% CI 1.3-9.5), and transforming growth factor-beta (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9) and PCK/TIN was associated with ADMA (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.8) and IL-6 (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.1).
In fact, IL-6 transgenic C57BL/6 mice showed a massive polyclonal plasmacytosis with production of autoantibodies and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, indicating that IL-6 plays a critical role in the development of plasma cell abnormalities and glomerulonephritis.
Abnormal production of IL-6 has been suggested to be involved in glomerulonephritis, plasmacytomagenesis and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.