Salmon and king crab trypsin stimulate interleukin-8 and matrix metalloproteinases via protease-activated receptor-2 in the skin keratinocytic HaCaT cell line.
Thus, trypsin IV and p23 are inhibitor-resistant trypsins that can cleave and activate PARs, causing PAR(1)- and PAR(2)-dependent inflammation and PAR(2)-dependent hyperalgesia.
Taken together our data show that both NO and capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons are involved in PAR-2-mediated colonic inflammation and paracellular permeability increase.