The minor allele frequencies of rs11643718 SLC12A3 variant and rs741301 ELMO1 variant were significantly different between DM and DN groups (P = 0.029 and 0.016, respectively).
Subsequent analysis of additional genetic variations in this gene identified several SNPs that were significantly associated with nephropathy, especially one in exon 23 (+78 G to A: Arg913Gln, chi(2) = 18.5, P = 0.00002, odds ratio = 2.53 [95% CI 1.64-3.90]).