Our results indicate that the minor CXCR1 +2608 C allele is associated with significantly increased susceptibility to APN in childhood, while the CXCR2 +1208 T allele confers protection from recurrent APN.
For example, genetic alterations that reduce TLR4 function are associated with ABU, while polymorphisms reducing IRF3 or CXCR1 expression are associated with acute pyelonephritis and an increased risk for renal scarring.
Low levels of TLR4 are associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria while low levels of CXCR1 are associated with increased incidence of acute pyelonephritis.
CXCR1 expression was investigated as a factor predisposing to APN, because low CXCR1 expression has been associated with disease susceptibility in mice and disease-prone children.