Differential regulation of prodynophin, c-fos, and serotonin transporter mRNA following withdrawal from a chronic, escalating dose regimen of D-amphetamine.
No other amygdala nuclei studied showed any significant differences for the prodynorphin mRNA levels measured in the major depression and bipolar disorder subjects.
The present study examined the prodynorphin and kappa opioid receptor mRNA expression levels in the anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices of subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression as compared with normal controls without a psychiatric diagnosis.