Induction of MDA-9/syntenin in melanoma was found to occur in a thrombin-independent signaling pathway and involves the PAR-1/c-Src/Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42/c-Jun N-terminal kinase axis resulting in the activation of paxillin, NF-κB, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).
Thus, focal adhesion kinase as well as p130Cas and paxillin should be a crucial molecule undergoing stronger tyrosine phosphorylation in GD3-expressing melanoma cells.
We reported that ganglioside GD3 enhances cell proliferation and invasion of melanomas causing stronger tyrosine-phosphorylation of p130Cas and paxillin after stimulation with fetal calf serum.