Overexpression of ghrelin in hypoplastic lungs and the effect of exogenous administration of ghrelin to nitrofen-treated dams strongly suggest a role for ghrelin in mechanisms involved in attenuation of fetal lung hypoplasia, most likely through a GHSR1a-independent pathway.
Mutations in ephrin-B1, a membrane protein that is expressed by mesenchymal cells, have been found in newborn infants with CDH and associated pulmonary hypoplasia (PH), highlighting its important role during diaphragmatic and airway development.
<b>Conclusion:</b> The signs of both systolic and diastolic altered function were observed in fetuses with CDH with s-TDI independent of the side of the hernia, and a significant positive correlation was observed between fetal cardiac systolic function and the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia.
Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion performed in the sheep model to correct lung hypoplasia increased leptin expression, partially restored KGF expression, and fully restored neuregulin expression.
In CDH, consistent with previous studies, our review shows magnetic resonance imaging as a better survival predictor followed by the 3D and 2D methods, while 2D-LHR was the more precise prognosticator correlating prenatal PH, survival at birth, and the need for neonatal respiratory support.
Downstream therapeutic targeting of the Wnt5a-TMEM67-ROR2 axis might, therefore, reduce or prevent pulmonary hypoplasia in ciliopathies and other congenital conditions.
We hypothesized that cord blood cystatin C (CysC) levels are elevated in neonates who have life-threatening pulmonary hypoplasia and oligohydramnios due to severe renal dysfunction.
Our results suggest that oxidative damage may be play a important role in patients with N-SCLC, and that GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes may predispose the cells of patients with N-SCLC to increased oxidative damage.
Small lung volumes were prospectively associated with an increased risk for poor cognitive function and dementia in non-carriers of the APOE epsilon4 gene.
It was shown that loss of NFIA results in hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus callosum and that NFIB deficiency leads to neurological defects and to severe lung hypoplasia, whereas Nfic knockout mice exhibit specific tooth defects.
Fstl1-deficient mice exhibit reduced airspaces, impaired alveolar epithelial cell differentiation, and insufficient production of surfactant proteins similar to PH in human CDH.
Moreover, functionally targeting STAT signaling modulates fetal lung growth, which highlights that STAT3 and STAT6 signaling might be promising therapeutic targets in reducing or preventing pulmonary hypoplasia in CDH.
Pkd1- heterozygotes have no discernible phenotype, whereas homozygotes die during the perinatal period with massively enlarged cystic kidneys, pancreatic ductal cysts and pulmonary hypoplasia.