Three sporadic patients (two men and one woman) were examined with involuntary movements and dysarthria associated with abnormal concentrations of serum copper, serum ceruloplasmin, and urinary copper excretion.
NADH-diaphorase and cytochrome b5 reductase activities of platelets and leucocytes, as well as erythrocytes, were found to be deficient in a patient with hereditary methaemoglobinaemia associated with moderate mental retardation and non-progressive neurological disturbance, in which hyperactive reflexes and involuntary movements were notable.
Schizophrenia patients who carry the dopamine D3gly allele and the cytochrome P 450 17alpha-hydroxylase A2-A2 genotype may be more likely to develop abnormal orofoacial and distal involuntary movements and to be incapacitated by these movements when chronically exposed to classical antipsychotic drugs.
Humans with heterozygous mutations in the axon guidance receptor DCC display congenital mirror movements (MMs), which are involuntary movements of body parts, such as fingers, on one side of the body that mirror voluntary movement of the opposite side.
GNAL mutations have been shown to cause adult-onset isolated dystonia, a disabling movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.
GNAL loss-of-function mutations are causally-associated with isolated dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures.
Our study demonstrated that GNAO1 variants can cause involuntary movements and severe developmental delay with/without seizures, including various types of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy.
Clinical features of de novo GRIN1 mutations include infantile involuntary movements, seizures, and hand stereotypies, suggesting that GRIN1 mutations cause encephalopathy resulting in seizures and movement disorders.
We report on a patient with HD, whose involuntary movements and psychiatric symptoms were clinically improved with perospirone, a second-generation antipsychotic agent with antagonistic effects on serotonin 5-HT(2A) and dopamine D(2) (D(2)) receptors, as well as a unique agonistic effect on serotonin 5-HT(1A) (5-HT(1A)) receptors.
An expansion of glutamine repeats in the N-terminal domain of the huntingtin protein leads to Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the presence of involuntary movements, dementia, and psychiatric disturbances.
All affected members present with cognitive impairment and two of them with mild intermittent involuntary movements in association with the clinical hallmarks of SCA15 (gait ataxia, balance impairment, and dysarthria).