Neutrophils from healthy volunteers were incubated with alcoholic hepatitis patients' plasma (n = 12) with and without TLR2, 4, or 9 antagonists and with and without human albumin.
While the TLR-2 +2258 (G>A) and MMP-9 -1562 (C>T) SNPs failed to present any significant association with pre-eclampsia, there was a marked trend for an association between the IL-4 -590 (C>T) SNP and pre-eclampsia (chi(2)= 5.87, P = 0.055), with a prevalence of TT homozygous women in this group (OR 4.455, 95% CI 1.286-15.350).
Thus, the development of skin lesions in MF appears associated with an increase of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 expression by keratinocytes in cutaneous lesions, which could play a role in the chronic activation of T lymphocytes in the skin.
In addition, oral epithelial cells in the saliva of patients with OLP and BMS exhibited elevated levels of CD14 mRNA and decreased levels of TLR-2 mRNA.
By PCR array analysis, specific stimulation of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 on melanoma cells showed significant activation of the adaptor protein MyD88, as well as downstream signal transduction factors nuclear factor-kappaB and inflammatory response-related factors.
TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression on monocytes was investigated by flow cytometry in the following groups of subjects: healthy controls, patients on HD, patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD).
Additionally, we observed that subjects carrying the TLR2 Arg753Gln allele had higher risk of urinary tract infection with gram-positive pathogens, history of more than two attacks of UTI and asymptomatic UTI.
To assess the role of TLR-2 gene polymorphism in acute rheumatic fever (ARF) etiopathology, 61 independent Caucasian Turkish patients and 91 child and 116 adult controls were studied.
Thus, these studies show that soluble factor(s) present in the lower genital tract of women with BV activate cells via TLR2, identifying a pathway through which BV may mediate adverse effects.