Further, the use of both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors is associated with a decreased incidence of adenoma and reduced mortality rate of CRC.
One hundred and thirty five cases (135) of colorectal carcinoma were studied for COX2 -A1195G polymorphisms employing PCR-RFLP technique, in addition to 104 cases of adenomatous polyps and 115 matched controls taken from the general population.
Although these nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often associated with gastrointestinal toxicity, there is renewed interest in their use as colorectal cancer (CRC) chemopreventive agents due to the adverse side effects associated with long-term use of selective COX-2 inhibitors.
To investigate whether mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1 (CCND1), cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), all members of the EGFR signaling pathway, are associated with clinical outcome in patients with EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with cetuximab.
This research evaluated risk of association of the SNPs, including genes for COX-2 (A/G transition at +202) and MMP-2 (C/T transition at-1306), with colorectal cancer in 125 patients and 125 healthy controls.
An association was detected between colorectal cancer and a polymorphism in the untranslated region of exon 10 of PTGS2, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.17-5.32, P=0.01.
A minor linkage peak from that study located on chromosome 1 correlates with the location of a known CRC risk-modifying gene, prostaglandin synthase (PTGS2).
Therefore, we investigated if COX-2 -1195G > A, 12-LOX 261Arg > Gln and PLA2 c.349 + 191A > G polymorphisms were associated with risk and prognosis of CRC as well as possible interactions with the environmental factors on the risk of CRC in Northeast of China.
We investigated whether a functional genetic polymorphism, rs5277, in COX-2 may have a risk-modifying effect on sporadic colorectal cancer in an Iranian population.
The CRC risk associated with the four polymorphisms of the COX-2 gene was estimated for each study by odds ratio (OR) together with its 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively.
Prognostic association of PTGS2 (COX-2) over-expression according to BRAF mutation status in colorectal cancer: Results from two prospective cohorts and CALGB 89803 (Alliance) trial.
The aim of this replicative study is to investigate the possible association between PTGS2 -765G>C polymorphism and sporadic CRC risk in a subset of Iranian population.
Polymorphisms in the Cox-2 gene may influence its function and/or its expression and may modify the protective effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), thereby impacting individuals' risk of developing colorectal cancer and response to prevention/intervention strategies.
Overall, it was concluded that NSAIDs, particularly cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, might have a protective effect on CRC development and slow down progression of tumor in a DMH-induced experimental cancer model.
Individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer who carry a COX-2 C(-765) allele and are on NSAIDs have an increased survival in comparison to non-users with the wild type (G(-765)).
Homozygous carriers of the haplotype encompassing the A-1195G and G-765C wild type alleles and the T8473C variant allele (PTGS2 AGC) were at increased risk of CRC as compared to homozygous carriers of the PTGS2 AGT (A-1195G, G-765C, T8473C) haplotype (OR = 5.37, 95% CI: 1.40-20.5, P = 0.014).
Although COX-2 -765G>C polymorphism is not associated with an increased risk of CRC, -765GG genotype appears to be related to an increased risk in the presence of smoking and higher BMI.