The current meta-analysis suggests that the -607C/A polymorphism in IL-18 gene promoter is associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer, especially of breast cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and esophageal cancer and in Asian and Mixed populations.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of interleukin-18 (IL-18), an inflammatory cytokine, have been linked to susceptibility to many diseases, including cancer and immune dysfunction.
The association of -137G>C polymorphism in the promoter region of IL-18 with cancer risk is still elusive based on current genetic association studies.
The present meta-analysis suggests that the -607C/A polymorphisms in IL-18 gene promoter is associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer, especially for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and esophageal cancer and in Asian population.
We assessed the strength of the association of IL-18 gene promoter -607 C>A and -137G>C polymorphisms with cancer risk and performed sub-group analyses by cancer types, ethnicities, source of controls and sample size.
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a multifunctional cytokine that augments interferon-γ production and acts as an important immunomediator in the development of several types of cancer.
We show that deficient IL-18 production occurs at initial inflammation stages of disease, and that IL-1β production is more significantly impaired in Casp11<sup>-/-</sup> colons during established CAC.
Inflammasomes, which are intracellular multi-protein complexes, promote acute and chronic inflammation via interleukin-1β or interleukin-18 maturation, and they are known targets for metabolic syndromes and cancer.
Short- and long-term administration of interleukin-18 appeared to have no adverse effects on the kidney in these mice, suggesting that administration may be a safe and novel treatment for metabolic diseases and cancer.
An inappropriate production of interleukin-18 (IL-18) contributes to the pathogenesis of malignancies and may influence the clinical outcome of patients.
Here, we demonstrate that interleukin-18 (IL-18)-secreting CAR T cells exhibit enhanced in vivo expansion and persistence and significantly increase long-term survival in syngeneic mouse models of both hematological and solid malignancies.
No consensus exists on the impact of polymorphisms in cytokines (such as interleukin IL-8 and IL-18) on cancer risk; moreover, there is very little evidence regarding head and neck cancer (HNC).
We made the following important findings: (1) Caspase-1 exerts its regulatory effects on the majority of genes in a tissue-specific manner; (2) Caspase-1 regulatory genes partially cooperates with genes regulated by sirtuin-1 during organ injury and inflammation in adipose tissue but not in the liver; (3) Caspase-1 cooperates with IL-1β in regulating less than half of the genes involved in cardiovascular disease, organismal injury, and cancer in mouse liver; (4) The meta-analysis identifies 40 caspase-1 globally regulated genes across tissues, suggesting that caspase-1 globally regulates many novel pathways; and (5) The meta-analysis identified new cooperatively and non-cooperatively regulated genes in caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and Sirt-1 pathways.
The effects of gpIL-12 and gpIL-18 on the tumors implanted in guinea pigs will encourage us to use IL-12- and IL-18-inducible adjuvants for immunotherapy in human patients with solid cancer.
Our pooled analysis supported that IL-18 is a good candidate for large-scale epidemiological case-control studies that may be a low-penetrance susceptibility biomarker for cancer.
Considering the fact that IL-18 plays an important role in the interactions among T cells, NK cells, and macrophages and induces IFN-gamma production, efforts should be made to understand the clinical impact of IL-18 cytokine in patients with solid malignancies, as not much study has been conducted in cervix carcinoma.
In this article, we aimed to present an updated review on these aspects regarding the contribution of IL-18 to important diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and inflammatory-mediated conditions including allergic diseases, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis.