In CSE-transformed HBE cells, the protein level of Oct-4 and mRNA levels of CD133 and CD44, indicators of the acquisition of CSC-like properties, were reduced by over-expression of miR-218, and over-expression of miR-218 decreased the malignancy of transformed HBE cells.
The prognostic role of CD44v9, a variant isoform of CD44 and a new cell surface marker of cancer stem cells, remains unclear in bladder cancer (BC) patients.
HN-30 cells, a cancer cell line from the pharynx, showed the greatest response to hypoxia by increasing their expression of CD44, CD105, NANOG, OCT-4, REX-1, and VEGF.
Meanwhile, targeting CD47 combined with other biomarkers such as EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule), CD44, etc on cancer surface could be used to isolate CTCs from patients' blood.
The present study detected the distribution of cancer stem cell markers cluster of differentiation (CD)44/CD24 and analyzed the clinical outcomes of different CD44/CD24 phenotypes in patients with TNBC.
Human breast cancer cells with a CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) or ALDH1+ phenotype have been demonstrated to be enriched for cancer stem cells (CSCs) using in vitro and in vivo techniques.
Aberrant expression of cancer stem cell markers (CD44, CD90, and CD133) contributes to disease progression and reduced survival in hepatoblastoma patients: 4-year survival data.
Furthermore, we have found that MPA elevates CD44 protein expression and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, two markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and increases mammosphere formation, another hallmark of stem cells, in hormone-dependent T47-D human breast cancer cells.
High expression of CD44 may promote NSCLC progression by increasing cancer cell proliferation; therefore, it may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis or target therapy.
CD44 has been shown to be elevated in multiple disease states including cancer making it a potential diagnostic biomarker and an ideal receptor for targeted drug delivery systems.
Drug resistance-related proteins (multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (E-cadherin and vimentin) and cancer stem cell-related proteins (prominin-1 and hyaluronate receptor) exhibited significant differences between the two cell lines.
In conclusion, we proved that positive CD44 immunoexpression is a independent prognostic indicator of shorter OS of patients with ovarian serous cancer.
Moreover, we focus on the roles and interactions of CD44 with various proteins that reside extra- and intracellularly, as well as on cellular membranes with particular reference to the CD44-HA axis in cancer stem cell functions, and the importance of CD44/CD44v6 targeting to inhibit tumorigenesis.
AI-resistant cell lines expressing ER (Type 1 V1 and V2) showed high cancer stemness in terms of their CD44/CD24 expression and side populations, which were stimulated by the addition of estrogen and inhibited by fulvestrant.
In the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mouse model of prostate cancer, early intervention with a syndecan-1 inhibitor (OGT2115) or syndecan-1 RNAi reduced the incidence of adenocarcinoma and the number of c-kit(+)/CD44(+) cells in cancer foci.
A variant form of CD44 that has additional amino acids in the common protein backbone (CD44-v6) seems to play a role in the metastasis of malignancies.
Previous studies showed that polymorphisms in the CD44 gene can influence both human cancer survival and determine cellular response to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics.