In this review, we summarise new insights into the fundamental cell biology of CD133 and discuss the involvement of CD133 in metastasis, metabolism, tumourigenesis, drug-resistance, apoptosis and autophagy.
In the study, CXCR3-A isoform that was bound by CXCL9 was found to cause significant change of ERK1/2 phosphorylation level in the MAPK signaling pathway, consequently upregulating the MMP2 and MMP9 expression and promoting invasion and metastasis of CD133+ liver cancer cells.
The role of CCL21/CCR7 in mediating metastasis and survival of CD133+ pancreatic cancer stem-like cells was detected by Transwell assays and flow cytometry, respectively.
Tumours with the infiltrating pattern were associated with high FIGO grade (P = 0.002), reduced ER and PR, and CD44 expression (P = 0.014, 0.026, and 0.030, respectively); those with a MELF pattern showed LN metastasis (P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.011), and reduced ER, CD44, and CD133 expression (P = 0.036, 0.006, and 0.016, respectively).
CD133-positive CTC may represent a suitable prognostic marker to stratify the risk of patients who undergo liver resection for CRC metastasis, which opens the avenue to identifying and potentially monitoring the patients who are most likely to benefit from adjuvant treatments.
In order to identify other CRC stem cell-specific genes, we performed a comparative expression profiling of CD133(+) and CD133(-) cell populations in primary and metastatic tumors from four patients with CRC.
Moreover, the overexpression of the miR‑181b‑5p in A549 cells and CD133+/CD326+ cells resulted in the downregulation of the E-cadherin and increased invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo.
The T allele of CD133rs3130 predicted a worse survival for gastric cancer patients receiving tumorectomy (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04-1.58; p = 0.020), independent from tumor node metastasis stage, vessel invasion and postoperational chemotherapy.
Among these markers, CD97, CD104, CD107a, and CD121a are significantly more expressed in the CD133+ and CD44+ double positive cells of human ovarian ascites tumor cells (Ascites_133+44+) than those from primary ovarian or metastatic tumors.
Taken together, these findings show that elevated levels of CD133 lead to OSCC invasiveness and metastasis, associated with the upregulation of EMT and stemness markers.
The data showed that the presence of VM and high ZEB1 expression was associated with higher Gleason score, TNM stage, and lymph node and distant metastases as well as with the expression of vimentin and CD133 in prostate cancer tissues.
CD133(+)/CD44(+)/Oct4(+)/Nestin(+) stem-like cells isolated from Panc-1 cell line may contribute to multi-resistance and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.
Here we demonstrate the enrichment of CD133(hi)/ER(lo) cancer cells in clinical specimens following neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and in HT refractory metastatic disease.
CD133 expression tended to be related to higher incidences of intrahepatic metastasis and positive expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha; furthermore, it was independently related to worse prognosis.