In addition, NDRG1 may be a putative tumor metastasis promoter gene and is regarded as one of the molecular biological markers that can forecast early metastasis of CRCs.
17Beta-estradiol induces down-regulation of Cap43/NDRG1/Drg-1, a putative differentiation-related and metastasis suppressor gene, in human breast cancer cells.
As NDRG1 is a differentiation-related gene with putative metastasis suppressor activity, we investigated the clinical significance of its overexpression.
Our immunohistochemical analysis on prostate cancer specimens revealed that nuclear expression of ATF3 was inversely correlated to Drg-1 expression and positively correlated to metastases.
We studied the expressions of both Mina53, which is a myc target gene and is related to cell proliferation, and Cap43, which is related to metastasis suppression and downregulation of MYCN gene, in neuroblastoma.
We have investigated protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, a putative differentiation-related and metastasis suppressor gene Cap43/NDRG1/Drg-1, and Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) to identify new molecular targeting for breast cancer.
Furthermore, the potential gene targets of Ndrg-1 were analyzed using whole genome gene array revealing a substantial number of genes whose expression was affected by this metastasis suppressor.
The overall survival time for patients with II tumor, node, metastasis system (TNM) stage disease and tumors displaying reduced expression of NDRG1 was significantly shorter compared with patients with preserved NDRG1 expression (P = .024).
Moreover, NDRG1 expression has a significant inverse correlation with tumor stromal invasion, lymph node metastasis, pathological stage, but not with distant metastasis.
Two daily intravenous injections of the combined siRNAs in the GC4-targeted nanoparticles significantly reduced the tumor load in the lung. miRNA-34a (miR-34a) induced apoptosis, inhibited survivin expression, and downregulated MAPK pathway in B16F10 cells. miR-34a delivered by the GC4-targeted nanoparticles significantly downregulated the survivin expression in the metastatic tumor and reduced tumor load in the lung.
A combined analysis showed higher immunohistochemical expression of NDRG1 in malignant lesions (classical pattern and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas, follicular carcinomas, and metastases of thyroid carcinomas) compared to benign thyroid lesions (goiter and follicular adenomas) (P = 0.043).
Altogether, our results imply that NDRG-1 could play a key role in the regulation of cellular invasion and metastasis, which may involve the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases.
Moreover, loss of KAI1 expression significantly abrogated NDRG1-mediated metastatic suppression in vitro as well as in a spontaneous metastasis animal model, indicating that KA11 is a functional downstream target of the NDRG1 pathway.
Here, our proteomics profile analysis of HCC tissues with different metastatic capabilities revealed that NDRG1 was correlated with metastasis and recurrence in HCC patients after liver transplantation (LT).