Exosomal long non-coding RNA GAS5 suppresses Th1 differentiation and promotes Th2 differentiation via downregulating EZH2 and T-bet in allergic rhinitis.
The mRNA expression level of u-PA ( P = .040) was significantly lower, and the expression levels of factor II ( P = .038) and factor X ( P = .036) were significantly higher, in the AR group.
The selective COX-2 activity of osthole may explain further the anti-inflammatory properties of osthole in relieving congestion in allergic rhinitis, and as distinctive effects between FXF and osthole were observed, individual antihistamines may have different modes of action via the COX enzyme system.
Immunohistochemical staining revealed that most of the fibrinolysis system and coagulation cascade components were localized to the epithelium, endothelium, and submucosal glands of the nasal mucosa. u-PA was downregulated in the AR group, whereas fibrin deposition was more prominent in the AR group than in the control group.
A cross-sectional, multi-center survey using new GAN core questionnaires on current AR and risk factors was completed by 3,074 parents of children aged 6-7 years and by 3,217 children aged 13-14 years, directly.
The mRNA and protein expression of serum IL-36 family cytokines and IL-36R in AR were detected by quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA, respectively.
According to the results of this study, there might be a relationship between the expression of Fas receptor on nasal turbinate mucosa and the severity of persistent allergic rhinitis.
Birch pollen AIT demonstrated real-world benefits up to 6 years post-treatment cessation through significantly reduced AR and asthma medication intake, and significantly decreased risk of new-onset asthma medication use on-treatment.
The selective COX-2 activity of osthole may explain further the anti-inflammatory properties of osthole in relieving congestion in allergic rhinitis, and as distinctive effects between FXF and osthole were observed, individual antihistamines may have different modes of action via the COX enzyme system.
In addition, PM2.5 exposure increased the activation of the ERK-DNMT pathway in CD4+ T cells, and inhibiting this effect rescued the polarization of the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2, thereby decreasing the risk of AR.
Our results showed that the frequencies of the rs6692977 CT genotype and T allele within FCRL5 were significantly higher in asthma with comorbid AR compared to healthy controls (Bonferroni-corrected p (Pc) = 3.75 × 10<sup>-6</sup>; Pc = 0.006, respectively), whereas these of the CC genotype and C allele were significantly lower (Pc = 4.15 × 10<sup>-5</sup>; Pc = 0.006, respectively).