In an asymptomatic at-risk cohort, elevated CSFAβ (with or without elevated tau) was associated with greater rates of cognitive decline, with the specific pattern of decline varying across cognitive measures.
The amyloid (A), tau (T), neurodegeneration (N) Research Framework emphasizes brain imaging and CSF measures relevant to disease diagnosis and staging and can be applied to drug development and clinical trials.
CSF t-tau/Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> ratio had 100% specificity and 90% sensitivity for SYN + AD, and CSFAβ<sub>1-42</sub> had 77% specificity and 82% sensitivity for neocortical SYN stage.
Here, we employed NII measures in conjunction with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker classification (for β-amyloid (Aβ) and neurodegeneration) to evaluate 200 participants in an ongoing study of memory and aging.
Although blood biomarkers have not yet proven useful, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (low amyloid-β42, high t-tau, and high p-tau) effectively contribute to AD diagnoses in the general population and are increasingly used in clinical practice.
The evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) (β-amyloid, t-tau, p-tau) can be used to estimate the risk of developing dementia in patients at the pre-clinical stages of AD, i.e. subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
We secondarily hypothesized a third group characterized by either CSF tau pathology or neurodegeneration, in addition to amyloidosis (A+/N+ or Stage 2), would show lower neuropsychology scores than the amyloid positive group (A+/N- or Stage 1) when compared to the amyloid negative group.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of neurodegeneration [neurofilament light chain (NFL), total Tau (T-Tau)], tau pathology [phosphorylated tau (p-Tau)], glial cell damage or activation [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)], and brain amyloidosis [β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42)] are useful for diagnosis and prognosis in several neurodegenerative disorders.
Indeed, episodic disturbances can diminish CSF cerebral flow circulation increasing deposition in cerebral parenchyma of contrary metabolic products (e.g. beta Amyloid), possibly having a causal influence on senile dementia.
When using the core CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, total Tau and phosphorylated Tau), 30% of the patients fell into the high-AD-likelihood (HL) group (both amyloid and neurodegeneration markers positive), 30% into the low-AD-likelihood group (all biomarkers negative), 28% into the suspected non-Alzheimer pathophysiology (SNAP) group (only neurodegeneration markers positive) and 12% into the isolated amyloid pathology group (only amyloid-positive).
To perform a meta-analysis of 4 core CSF biomarkers (β-amyloid [Aβ]42, Aβ40, total tau [t-tau], and phosphorylated tau [p-tau]) to assess which of these are most altered in sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).
This study confirms strong concordance between CSF biomarkers and PET Aβ-amyloid status is independent of immunoassay platform, supporting their utility as biomarkers in clinical practice for the diagnosis of AD and for participant enrichment in clinical trials.
To investigate the cognitive profile of healthy individuals with increased Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) dementia risk score and to explore whether this association is related to vascular burden and CSF biomarkers of amyloidosis and neurodegeneration.
The core AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker toolbox include amyloid β (Aβ42 and the Aβ42/40 ratio) reflecting brain amyloidosis, total tau (T-tau) reflecting neurodegeneration intensity, and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) that is related to tau pathology.
According to such hypothesis, this cross-sectional study tested, in PD patients, the association between levels of PA and well-known risk factors for PDD, such as mood disorders and amyloid-β42 CSF content.
Amyloid-PET should be prioritized over CSF biomarkers in the diagnostic workup of patients investigated for suspected AD, as it provides greater changes in diagnosis and diagnostic confidence.
In the full sample, cortical [<sup>18</sup>F]AV1451 was associated with all CSF biomarkers, most strongly with p-tau (<i>r</i> = 0.75 vs 0.57 for t-tau and -0.49 for Aβ<sub>42</sub>).
These data also suggest that PET-tau performs better than PET-amyloid in predicting the best validated AD diagnostic marker- the CSF total tau/Aβ ratio.
With a single molecule array method (Simoa, Quanterix), plasma NfL concentrations were measured in 99 subjects with AD at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI-AD; n = 25) or at the stage of early dementia (ADD; n = 33), and in nondemented controls (n = 41); in all patients, the clinical diagnoses were in accordance with the results of the four core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (amyloid β (Aβ)1-42, Aβ42/40, Tau, and pTau181), interpreted according to the Erlangen Score algorithm.
The study comprises 33 consecutive patients with suspected cognitive decline that underwent lumbar puncture for CSF biomarker analysis and Amyloid-PET/CT within the diagnostic evaluation of memory impairment.