Most comorbidities in HFrEF were associated with an increased mortality risk, while in HFpEF only CKD, anaemia and COPD were associated with higher mortality risks.
Eligible patients were enrolled, stratified into COPD-PH-anemia group (n = 40), COPD-PH group (n = 42), COPD-anemia group (n = 48), and COPD group(n = 50), and then followed up for 12 months.