In comparison with other biologics, patients receiving etanercept appeared to have a lower risk of depression.Key Points• Rheumatoid arthritis patients possessed higher risk of depression and anxiety.• Both depression and anxiety are strongly correlated with the subjective components of DAS28-ESR.• Etanercept might be the choice of biologics in rheumatoid arthritis patients with depression.
This study aimed to evaluate if gender and genetic polymorphisms in estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2) are associated with anxiety levels in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.
Low knowledge was also associated with feeling that CPM was indicated in patients with high recurrence anxiety (39.2% vs. 28.9%), young patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative cancer (25.3% vs. 18.5%), and patients with two first-degree relatives with breast cancer (40.0% vs. 32.3%) (all p < 0.01).
Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor antagonist used to prevent recurrence of breast cancer, which may provoke depression and anxiety and increase follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to patients.
It is believed that discrepancies regarding the nature of estrogens' effects on anxiety are attributable to the differential effects of specific estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes.
It appears unlikely that the common ESR1 variants rs2234693 and rs9340799 are associated with moderate depressive symptoms in women; however, there is some evidence that indicates a significant association with more severe depressive symptoms, major depressive disorder and anxiety.
This study confirms earlier findings of an association between ESR1 and global anxiety in older women, however these associations varied depending on the anxiety syndrome and the use of HT.