Age and gender matched wild-type (WT) and CD14 knock-out (KO) mice were subjected to our validated model of Aspergillus-induced model of asthma and/or influenza.
We observed that children who were heterozygous or homozygous for both the CD14/-159T and TLR2/-16934A alleles had a 4-fold lower risk for asthma than children who were carriers of the T allele of CD14 but non-carriers of the A allele of TLR2, and an almost 3-fold lower risk for asthma when compared to all other groups.
This study was aimed to investigate the role of house dust and house dust mites in development of bronchial asthma and to explore the possible association of candidate gene CD14 with disease manifestation among Kolkata patient population.
We examined the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the TLR/CD14 genes and asthma, and their interaction with proxies of microbial exposure (childhood farm exposure and childhood rural environment).
There was a statistically significant association between CD14-159C/T polymorphism and asthma risk observed in dominant model (TT+TC vs CC: OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77-0.97, P = 0.012) and codominant model (TC vs CC: OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78-0.99, P = 0.035) in adults.
In the regression analysis, adding the methylation variation of CD14 to the model did not explain the higher asthma and allergy risk in the Finnish children.
When compared to children with each CC of TLR4 polymorphism or TT of CD14 polymorphism or GG of IL13 polymorphism and no past history of bronchiolitis, children with CT or TT of TLR4 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 4.23 and 5.34 times higher risk to develop asthma, respectively; children with TT of CD14 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 3.57 and 7.22 times higher risk for asthma, respectively; children with GA or AA of IL-13 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 3.21 and 4.13 times higher risk for asthma, respectively.
Flow cytometry analysis identified significantly stronger p38 phosphorylation in CD14+ monocytes from steroid resistant than steroid sensitive asthmatics (p = 0.014), whereas no difference was found in phosphorylation of ERK or JNK in CD14+ cells from these two groups of asthmatics.
PAR-2 expression is increased on CD14++CD16+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of subjects with severe asthma and may be a biomarker of asthma severity.
We observed two interactions between SNPs in CD14 and LY96 with environmental endotoxin exposure in relation to hospital admissions due to asthma exacerbation which remained significant after correction for multiple testing (CD14 SNPs rs2915863 and LY96 SNP rs17226566).
For CD14-159, presence of the C allele (CC + CT) was more frequent among those with low median log (logarithm) IgE levels, but no statistically significant difference in all asthma group (p = 0.09).
This review aims to summarize the available evidence for, and potential effects of, an interaction between polymorphisms of the CD14 gene and exposure to microbes on the risk of asthma and allergic diseases.
Finally we showed that human CD14(+)CD16(+) intermediate monocytes, which are found in increased numbers in patients with allergies and bronchial asthma, expressed high levels of miR-124 and exhibited other properties of M2-like cells.
Twenty-four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD14, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, MD2 and MyD88 were genotyped in 408 agricultural workers with spirometry and questionnaire data on asthma symptoms available.