Immunohistochemistry using anti-ACTN4 antibody was performed in bladder cancer specimens (53 superficial and 42 muscle-invasive cases) from 95 patients who underwent radical cystectomy (n=46) or transurethral resection (TUR) only (n=49).
Treatment of bladder cancer cell lines with actinin-4 small interfering ribonucleic acids suppressed the invasive potential of the cells, but did not alter their growth.