Aberrant upregulation of COX-2 enzyme resulting in accumulation of PGE2 in a cancer cell environment is a marker for progression of many cancers, including breast cancer.
Activation of HIF-1<i>α</i> by <i>δ</i>-Opioid Receptors Induces COX-2 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells and Leads to Paracrine Activation of Vascular Endothelial Cells.
All results demonstrated that HPPDC nanoparticles can efficiently overcome drug resistance in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo by combining chemotherapy and COX-2 inhibitor.
All these experiments suggest that ME inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 in MCF-7 and MDAMB- 468 cells.
Analysis of clinical samples demonstrated that COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub> /EP<sub>4</sub> signaling is elevated in basal-like and chemoresistant breast carcinoma and is correlated with survival and relapse of breast cancer.
Aromatase (product of CYP19 gene), the critical enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, is up-regulated in 70% of all breast cancers and is highly correlated with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), the rate-determining enzyme in prostanoid biosynthesis.
Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COX-2 is highly expressed in TNBC and that its expression correlated with poor survival outcome in basal subtype of breast cancer.
BPA induced COX-2 expression via nuclear translocation of NF-κB and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and enhanced the migration of lung cancer A549 and breast cancer MDAMB-231 cells.
By the means of immunohistochemistry, COX-2, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and D2-40 were examined in the tissue samples of primary tumors from 94 patients underwent surgical resections for breast cancer from November 1998 to March 2002.Eighty-three patients were followed-up.
By using Spearman correlation analysis, the correlations between expression of PCNA, Ki-67 and COX-2 and X-ray features in mammography in breast cancer were investigated.
Celecoxib (CXB), a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, has antiangiogenetic activity and inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis, and can also enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer.
Celecoxib antitumoral activity involved S6 ribosomal protein and AKT phosphorylation.Low expression of COX-2 has a significant negative impact on the MFS/DFS of BC patients.