In this study, HepG2 cells have been used to investigate the toxic effects of hyperglycemia and/or quercetin (Q) on mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression as central molecules involved in cancer.
However, a comprehensive approach that includes testing multimarkers involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways may become more desirable for some cancers, because of therapy resistance that can be caused by mutations in different genes and the availability of new therapies that may aim at multiple targets in the pathways.
Pharmacological inhibitors against the PI3K-AKT-mTOR (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, a frequently deregulated signaling pathway in cancer, are clinically promising, but the development of drug resistance is a major limitation.
Some commercial sequencing platforms suggest that somatic mutations in PIK3R1 may sensitize cancers to drugs that inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
For this purpose, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), mouse skin fibroblast cells (MSFs) and mouse lung squamous cancer cells (SqLCCs) were grown in vitro and the differences between these three cell lines signalling regulations of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and autophagic pathways were demonstrated by immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Recent evidence places the FRAP/mTOR kinase downstream of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/Akt-signaling pathway, which is up-regulated in multiple cancers because of loss of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene.
This is because although on one hand active AMPK inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and lipogenesis--two crucial arms of cancer growth--AMPK also ensures viability by metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells.
TCN could be a new HIF-1-targeted anticancer agent and be effective on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-targeted cancer therapy, in which mTOR inhibition increases eIF4E phosphorylation.
Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of disease conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and various renal diseases.
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors such as rapamycin have shown modest effects in cancer therapy due in part to the removal of a negative feedback loop leading to the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway.
These studies demonstrate a novel mouse model of IBD-colorectal cancer progression in which disrupted immune regulation, mTOR-Stat3 signaling, and epithelial hyperproliferation are integrated and simultaneously linked to the development of malignancy.
Some mechanisms that mediate the effect of diet on cancer involve cell signaling through insulin factors and mammalian target of rapamycin, a nutrient sensing complex related to growth, altered gene expression through epigenetics, and the effects of microbial metabolites produced by the gut microbiota that is strongly influenced by dietary factors.
In addition, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and hTERT up-regulation are related with cancer stemness features and drug resistance. mTOR inhibitor and TERT inhibitor combination may construct a novel strategy in cancer stem cells and it can make a double effect on telomerase enzyme.
Our findings show that 4E-BP3 is an important effector of mTORC1 and a robust predictive biomarker of therapeutic response to prolonged treatment with mTOR-targeting drugs in cancer.
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a critical role in the regulation of tumor cell motility, invasion and cancer cell metastasis. mTOR consists of two separate multi-protein complexes, mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and mTORC2.
However, mTOR activity is frequently deregulated in cancer, where it plays a key oncogenetic role driving tumor cell proliferation, survival, metabolic transformation, and metastatic potential.
Among the recipients of renal transplantation in Taiwan, mTOR inhibitors with exposure more than 5 years provided a protective role in reducing the risk of overall neoplasm and urothelial malignancy.
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) serine/threonine kinase, a critical regulator of cell proliferation, is frequently deregulated in human cancer.
The mTOR pathway represents a key growth and survival pathway involved in several diseases such as cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases.
We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of mTOR inhibitors on secondary nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) malignancies in nonrenal transplant recipients.