The present data suggest that promoter methylation of the 14-3-3 sigma and CAGE-1 genes plays a crucial role during the phenotypical morphogenesis of vesical adenocarcinomas including signet ring cell carcinomas by an epigenetic mechanism.
Promoter hypermethylation of the 14-3-3 sigma, SYK and CAGE-1 genes is related to the various phenotypes of urinary bladder carcinomas and associated with progression of transitional cell carcinomas.