New generations of immune checkpoint blockading antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are now under intense investigation in metastatic melanoma (MM) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and impressive clinical results are anticipated.
Association of PDCD1 and CTLA-4 Gene Expression with Clinicopathological Factors and Survival in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results from a Large and Pooled Microarray Database.
The development of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors has changed the landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy, with 2 approvals from the US Food and Drug Administration of PD-1 inhibitors for second-line therapy.
Therapies targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have been successful in a subset of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Recent studies with nivolumab (a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death 1 [PD-1] receptor) have shown promise non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment.
Immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoints has shown promising efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but questions remain to be answered.
Here, we review the reported predictive biomarkers of response to PD-1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC, mainly focusing on results obtained with clinical trials.
Although the role of antibodies that target CTLA-4 and PD-1 has been established in solid tumor malignancies and Food and Drug Administration approved for melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, there remains a desperate need to incorporate immune checkpoint inhibition in hematologic malignancies.
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) pathway inhibitors have entered routine clinical use because of the results from recent randomized studies demonstrating superiority against single-agent chemotherapy in previously treated patients.
With more than a dozen clinical trials in non-small-cell lung cancer completed, checkpoint blockade targeting PD1 has demonstrated durable responses and superior survival compared with traditional chemotherapy agents when used as first-line therapy in individuals with more than 50% PD1 ligand (PDL1) expression by immunohistochemical staining and as second-line therapy independent of PDL1 status.
Recently, immunotherapy based on programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) blockade prolong survival in patients with advanced NSCLC, especially in those patients with positive expression of PD-L1 and when used in the first-line setting.
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have quickly become standard of care for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and increasing numbers of other cancer types.
Although several antibodies developed to target programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have demonstrated great promise for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and other malignancies, these therapeutic antibodies can cause pneumonitis.
In contrast, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, both PD-1 blocking antibodies, have been approved for second-line treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer in 2015 because of their high potency and long-lasting effects in some patient subgroups.
In this review, we discuss the clinical results obtained so far with the anti-PD-1 pembrolizumab in advanced NSCLC, commenting on the role of PD-L1 as a predictive factor and providing an update of the future perspectives.
<b>Purpose:</b> Although clinical studies have shown promise for targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and ligand (PD-L1) signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the factors that predict which subtype patients will be responsive to checkpoint blockade are not fully understood.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We performed an integrated analysis on the multiple-dimensional data types including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and clinical data from cohorts of lung adenocarcinoma public (discovery set) and internal (validation set) database and immunotherapeutic patients.
The ability of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to evade the host immune system can be overcome by agents such as pembrolizumab (MK-3475/lambrolizumab), which is a monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor.
Moreover, immune checkpoint inhibitors that target the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) are changing the current strategy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC without driver gene mutations.
The Keynote 024 is randomized, open-label, international, phase III study to evaluate the efficacy of pembrolizumab, an antibody directed to programmed death 1 (PD-1), an immune checkpoint inhibitor, compared with platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated advanced NSCLC and PD-L1 expression in at least 50% of the tumour cells.
We evaluated the association of thyroid dysfunction during PD-1 blockade with the treatment efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have shown remarkable therapeutic activity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Immunotherapy for NSCLC has therefore, recently evolved into a true treatment modality with the acceptance of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors as the new standard of care for second-line treatment.