Paraoxonase (PON-1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD), because it hydrolyses oxidized phospholipids of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and therefore prevents the detrimental effects on the arterial wall.
As such, PON1 status will be more useful than genotyping alone for identifying individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease, for predicting sensitivity to OP insecticides, and possibly nerve agents, for predicting the disposition of drugs known to be activated or hydrolyzed by PON1 and for developing robust pharmacokinetic models for each of these roles of these roles of PON1.
In the past few years, the Paraoxonase multigene family (<i>PON1, PON2, PON3</i>) has been shown to play an important role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders including coronary artery disease (CAD).
Given that the amount and the activity of PON1 in human serum are significantly lower in people suffering from cardiovascular diseases, enhancing both parameters might contribute to their treatment and prevention.
The aim of this study was to assess the differences between subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), taking into account the effects of PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M polymorphisms on 1) basal serum arylesterase activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), and oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL) concentrations; 2) the relations between arylesterase activity and lipid variables; and 3) the effect of walnut-enriched meat (WM) consumption on arylesterase activity and lipid variables.
Our results suggest that PON1 may play a role in the onset and development of metabolic alterations in childhood obesity leading to diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life.
In our study we assessed the frequency and genotype distribution of the PON1 and PON2 polymorphisms in 197 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), to determine the possible association between these mutations and susceptibility for CVD.
Our results indicate that PON1 protects against atherosclerosis in a dose-dependent manner and suggest that it may be a potential target for developing therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Paraoxonase (PON1), a component of high density lipoproteins, has antioxidative potential and was previously associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
We conducted a cross-sectional study to correlate PON-1, HCTL activities, and the lag time of LDL oxidation in 15 healthy control subjects and in 55 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with different degrees of CVD.
Serum paraoxonase (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein-associated esterase with antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties that has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
(1,2) The PON1 activity and the polymorphism of the PON1 and PON2 genes have been found to be associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypercholesterolaemia, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infaction.
The antioxidant properties of the Human Paraoxonase gene family (PON1, 2, 3) have been widely investigated, as well as a possible role of the such gene family in cardiovascular disease.
Levels and genetic variability of the PON1 position 192 isoforms (Gln/Arg) influence sensitivity to specific insecticides or nerve agents and risk for cardiovascular disease.
Mice with each PON gene knocked out were generated at UCLA and have been key for elucidating their roles in organophosphorus (OP) metabolism, cardiovascular disease, innate immunity, obesity, and cancer.
Decreased PON1 activity might contribute to an increased propensity for the development of cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS in addition to known risk factors, such as insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and increased oxidative stress.
The major aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the role of PON enzymes in the aging process, and in the development of the main diseases present in the elderly: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
As PON1 plays a protective role in organophosphate toxicity, and, because of its antioxidant capacity, in cardiovascular disease, a better understanding of how PON1 can be modulated by environmental factors has potential toxicological and clinical consequences.
Even though there has been an extensive investigation of the enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as a biomarker of susceptibility for CVD, there are few reports studying PON1 in MDs.
The decrease of human paraoxonase (PON1), an anti-oxidant high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-linked enzyme, is a possible mechanism for developing cardiovascular disease.
We therefore investigated PON1 polymorphisms in renal transplant recipients (N = 491) with (N = 103) and without CVD (N = 388) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length analysis.