The HAM-D was utilized in 4 studies including 267 SLE patients and the HAM-A in 4 studies including 213 patients respectively; its depression PP was 40.0% (95% CI: 23.0%-59.0%) and anxiety PP was 39.0% (95% CI: 32.0%-45.0%).
Depression severity was measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and self-reported Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-SR).
The GOHAI, OHIP-14, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety (HAM-D and HAM-A) were performed at baseline (time 0) and after 6 months of treatment (time 1).
Patients with hypoechogenic BR had significantly higher HAM-D and HADS-D scores than those with normal BR signal (p = 0.000 for both HAM-D and HADS-D), and most (83.33%) migraineurs with depression exhibited hypoechogenic raphe but none (0.00%) of the migraineurs without depression exhibited hypoechogenic raphe (p = 0.000).
High enzyme activity at inclusion predicted milder clinician-evaluated and self-rated depression severity (HAM-D, MADRS, BDI-II) and state anxiety at follow-up, and was related to stronger improvement in these scores in medicated patients.
We also examined the relationship between these GC-related markers and 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D24) scores to assess the utility of using them as biological markers for depression or the therapeutic response to ECT.
The primary outcome measure was severity of PTSD-symptoms (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ)) and secondary outcome measures were depression and anxiety symptoms (Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), Hamilton Depression and Anxiety rating scales (HAM-D, HAM-A)), somatisation (somatisation items of SCL-90 (SI-SCL-90)), quality of life (WHO-5-Well-being Index (WHO-5)) and functioning (Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF-F, GAF-S)).
Within the default mode network (DMN) an area of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) had greater connectivity with the rest of the DMN in PPD (peak voxel: MNI coordinates (2, 58, 32), p = 0.002) and was correlated to depression scores (peak HAM-D17 voxel: MNI coordinates (0, 60, 34), p = 0.008). pgACC GABA+/Cr correlated positively with DMPFC RSFC in a region spanning the right anterior/posterior insula and right temporal pole (r = +0.661, p = 0.000).
Hamilton depression and anxiety scales (HAM-D and HAM-A) and estimation of serum beta-endorphin level pre and post-sessions were used as secondary outcome.
In addition, we also recorded the adverse events in this study.At the end of 8-week treatment, ESO showed greater efficacy in depression, measured by MADRS (P < .01); anxiety, measured by HAM-A scale (P < .01); and disability, measured by SDS (P < .01), compared to acupressure.
Scores on the Hamilton rating scales for depression and anxiety also significantly decreased from baseline to 24 months (HAM-D, 19.0 ± 5.3 v. 7.6 ± 5.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001; HAM-A, 22.4 ± 5.9 v. 7.9 ± 3.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001).
Efficacy endpoints were changes from baseline at Week 8 using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 items (HAM-D<sub>17</sub>) total score, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-6 items score, and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale total score.
Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton-Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17), and other scales were administered before (T0) and after the latest 3-month stable trial (T3).
Pharmacogenetic testing was performed at the initial screening visit and baseline patient assessments were determined using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D17) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A).
A cutoff value for HAM-D17 of less than or equal to 4 was the best candidate for indicating remission of depression when the recovery of HRQOL is considered.
Scores on the Hamilton rating scales for depression and anxiety also significantly decreased from baseline to 24 months (HAM-D, 19.0 ± 5.3 v. 7.6 ± 5.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001; HAM-A, 22.4 ± 5.9 v. 7.9 ± 3.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001).
Depression and anxiety were estimated by Hamilton Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Anxiety (HAM-A) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the pain intensity by visual analogue scale (VAS).
Suicidality was measured using items from four depression scales: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17); Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS); Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-C); and the self-rated Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
Measures concerning depression (MADRS and HAM-D) were positively related to the I-BDRS's subscales, but mostly to the two subscales measuring depression.