With adjustment for diabetes risk factors, compared to the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for risk of type 2 diabetes associated with the highest quartile of RBP4 levels were 1.23 (0.73-2.07; <i>P</i>-trend = 0.14) in all subjects, 0.63 (0.27-1.45; <i>P</i>-trend = 0.65) in men, and 2.29 (1.05-5.00; <i>P</i>-trend = 0.018) in women.
Age-, sex- and diabetes status-adjusted multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that RBP4 was independently associated with large VLDL (β = 0.444, <i>p</i> = 0.005) and small LDL particles (β = 0.539, <i>p</i> < 0.001).
These findings suggested that RBP4 could involve in the improvement of diabetic atherosclerosis; vitamin D had the ability to decrease the level of RBP4 and eventually played an important role in preventing atherosclerosis in diabetes.
We aimed to test serum RBP4 in healthy non-obese individuals and in patients with well-characterized phenotype: obesity without confounding effects of diabetes, metabolic syndrome or dyslipidaemia.
In nonadjusted analyses, age, gender, duration of diabetes and ALP were inversely associated with BMD at the femoral neck, total hip and lumbar spine, while body weight, BMI and RBP4 were positively associated with BMD at all sites.
The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been postulated to play a role in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus in human and animal studies.
We analyzed the association between RBP4 levels and ischemic stroke using multivariable conditional logistic regression conditional on the matching factors and adjusted for physical activity, body mass index, aspirin use, alcohol consumption, diet, history of diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or heart disease, and cholesterol and hemoglobin A1C levels.
Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that RBP4 was independently associated with incident diabetes (odds ratio [OR] [95%confidence interval (CI)]: 1.69 [1.18-2.41]; P = 0.004).
Both increased and decreased levels of the adipokine retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) have been reported in cardiovascular disease, and levels of RBP4 have been related to diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk.
To observe the relationship between serum retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) and β cell function in Chinese subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and without known diabetes.
These studies reveal that RBP4 elevation can directly contribute to endothelial inflammation and therefore may play a causative role in the development or progression of vascular inflammation during cardiovascular disease and microvascular complications of diabetes.
To examine this further, the genomic region of RBP4 was genetically surveyed in Mongolian people, who as a group are suffering from a recent rapid increase in diabetes.
In addition, subjects carrying a previously reported diabetes-associated haplotype had significantly higher mRNA levels in visceral adipose tissue (adjusted P < 0.05) in a subgroup of nondiabetic subjects (n = 170) with measurements of RBP4 mRNA expression in visceral and subcutaneous fat depots.
The association between visceral adiposity and serum RBP4 was also determined in response to rosiglitazone treatment in a subgroup of patients with diabetes.
RBP4 is an adipocyte-secreted molecule that is elevated in the serum before the development of frank diabetes and appears to identify insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with varied clinical presentations.