The described drug abuse cases suggest that an association between the presence of CYP2C and VKORC1 allelic variants and cocaine-induced interstitial lung damage is highly likely.
Using in vitro studies, we have identified drugs of abuse that are substrates of the polymorphic enzymes CYP2D6 (codeine, amphetamines, dextromethorphan), CYP2A6 (nicotine) and CYP2C19 (flunitrazepam).