Previously, we demonstrated that HS is markedly diminished in the exostosis cartilage cap and that the HS proteoglycan, perlecan, has an abnormal distribution in these caps.
We previously reported that perlecan, a heparan-sulfate proteoglycan (Hspg2), expressed in the synovium at the cartilage-synovial junction, is required for osteophyte formation in knee osteoarthritis.