Moreover, the expression of MMP-2, its inhibitor TIMP-2 and the tumour invasiveness-related protein SPARC were effectively inhibited by TRAIL in glioblastoma cell lines.
Further research into the underlying mechanism demonstrated that the effects of miR-125b on the invasion of glioblastoma CD133-positive cells were associated with the alteration of the expression of MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and corresponding inhibitors (RECK and TIMP3).
Similarly, U87MG cells engineered to overexpress TIMP-2 at the same levels as U87-C1 cells also demonstrated increased MMP-2 activation, indicating that an increase in physiological levels of TIMP-2 can promote MMP-2 activation and invasion in glioblastoma cells.
Activation of PI3K/AKT signaling prevented the suppressive effects of RWDD3 downregulation on glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration, concurrent with increased protein levels of MMP2 and MMP9.
Finally, tissue microarray analysis of 68 GBM tissue specimens showed a significant correlation between the overexpression of IGFBP2 and elevated MMP-2 expression.
Measurements of MMP-2 intensity increased with tumor grade, and MMP-2 expression was found to be significantly higher in glioblastomas compared to normal brain tissue (p<0.001), diffuse astrocytomas (p<0.001) and anaplastic astrocytomas (p<0.05).
We showed a 20-fold upregulation of A<sub>2B</sub> AR on GB compared with sham, and its activation induced matrix metalloproteinase-2, which enhanced GB pathogenesis.
The data presented here suggest that miR-223 promotes the growth and invasion of U251 and U373 glioblastoma cells by targeting PAX6, which serves as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma exerting the functions of inhibition of cell cycle transition, and the expression of MMP2, MMP9 and VEGFA.
The effect of different doses of X(-)rays on apoptosis, proliferation, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) expression was investigated in a human glioblastoma cell line.
Together, our data strongly suggest that LRP1 promotes glioblastoma cell migration and invasion by regulating the expression and function of MMP2 and MMP9 perhaps via an ERK-dependent signaling pathway.
Together, our data strongly suggest that LRP1 promotes glioblastoma cell migration and invasion by regulating the expression and function of MMP2 and MMP9 perhaps via an ERK-dependent signaling pathway.
In this study we used RT-PCR, western blot and SDS-zymography to investigate the effect of resveratrol on the expression of genes and proteins involved in the extracellular matrix remodeling associated with tumor invasion in human cultured glioblastoma cells treated for 24, 48 and 72 h. We analyzed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), the main mediator of glioblastoma invasiveness, and the Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC), involved in the regulation of cell-matrix interactions.
Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of TSHZ3 and MMP2 in glioblastoma cell lines and Matrigel invasion assay to examine the role of miR-338-5p in cell invasiveness.
Downregulation of the miR-221/222 cluster diminished the invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis with reduced protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor in glioblastoma cells.