Both compounds exhibited selective cytotoxicity against human glioma stem cells (GSCs) and induced caspase-3 dependent extrinsic apoptosis by increasing the expression of interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and the cleaved caspase-3, while damaged the unlimited proliferation and self-renewal capacity of GSCs.
The effect of hBMVEC on C6 glioma sCp expression at the level of transcript and protein was repressed via the addition of IL-1β and IL-6 pathway inhibitors (IL-1 receptor antagonist protein and SC144, respectively).
The levels of IL-1beta in U87MG were significantly higher than in other glioma cell lines, and IL-1 receptor antagonist suppressed basal secretion of VEGF from U87MG.
Since IL-1 appears to be involved in VEGF secretion in glial tumors through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism, recombinant human IL-1-ra may evolve as a new agent for anti-angiogenic glioma therapy.
Data from our laboratory and from other investigators suggest that glioma cell lines can produce bioactive cytokines including IL-1 and also express IL-1 receptors.