In the present study, we showed anti-inflammatory effects of liraglutide treatment, reflected in reductions in levels of TNF-α and MR-proADM, while the reduction in MR-proANP levels may represent a clinically relevant benefit with regard to heart failure.
In this review, we explore the emerging role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling axis in atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, pathologic cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure, myocarditis, and sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.
ExT reduced by 59% TNF-α level in Tr-HF group (MD -1.7; 95% CI -2.9 to -0.3) and increased IL-10 (MD 15; 95% CI 11-26) when compared with the Sed-HF group.
The role of TNF in CHF and RA differs substantially with regard to the source and pathophysiological function of the cytokine in both conditions, therefore negative data from CHF studies should be interpreted with caution.
Studies have shown co-relationship between severity of heart failure and levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and one of its secondary mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting their potential as biomarkers.
So far, it has been found that inflammatory cytokines associated with the heart failure mechanism include TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-2, TGF-<i>β</i>, and IFN-<i>γ</i>.
In addition, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β decreased to 154.41 ± 7.72 pg/mg protein, 110.02 ± 6.96 pg/mg protein and 39.39 ± 5.27 pg/mg protein, respectively; the relative activity of p38 MAPK decreased to 2.60 ± 0.40 in CHF + SOJ group.
Inflammation is a central process in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), but trials targeting tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were largely unsuccessful.
In this review, we describe available data on the occurrence of adverse events associated with TNF inhibitor treatment in ankylosing spondylitis, including serious adverse events, infections, serious infections, tuberculosis, opportunistic infections, hepatitis B reactivation, malignancies, laboratory test abnormalities, autoimmune diseases, paradoxical adverse events, and heart failure.
Patients with MI and HF had reduced serum irisin, LVEF, and HDL-C and higher levels of BMI, WHR, SBP, DBP, troponin-I, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), TNF-α, TC, TGs, and LDL-C compared with control.
The protective and anti-inflammatory effects of TNFR2 may explain why TNF inhibitors failed to be effective in diseases such as heart failure or multiple sclerosis, where TNF has been strongly implicated as a driving force.
Last, PNA5 treatment decreased VCID/HF-induced activation of brain microglia/macrophages and inhibited circulating tumor necrosis factor <i>α</i>, interleukin (IL)-7, and granulocyte cell-stimulating factor serum levels while increasing that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
A functional analysis of T cells from patients with acute HF revealed that the CD4<sup>+</sup>CD57<sup>+</sup> T cell population exhibited a higher frequency of IFN-γ- and TNF-α- producing cells compared to the CD4<sup>+</sup>CD57<sup>-</sup> T cell population.
The interplay of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and oxidative stress was related to severities of coronary atherosclerosis and congestive heart failure.