The intestinal response to helminth infection is mediated by a recently established type 2 immune circuit that consists of intestinal tuft cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s).Schneider et al. have discovered that tuft cells sense succinate fermented by Tritrichomonas via GPR91 to drive the IL-25-ILC2-IL-13-dependent immune circuit and intestinal remodeling.
Our studies show that IL-25, administrated experimentally or generated in response to helminth infection, triggers local proliferation and activation of intestinal ILC2s that are the precursors to inflammatory ILC2 (iILC2) cells.