Besides, proinflammatory cytokines such as, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 were significantly diminished in the serum and spinal cord of EAE mice receiving HIV-1 Tat clade B and C. Conversely, anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and IL-4 were elevated in the serum and spinal cord of EAE mice receiving HIV Tat clade B and C when compared with the control group.
Plasma levels of TGF β 1 and IL-10 showed an inverse correlation with CD8+ T cell counts and CD4:CD8 ratios in patients with non-progressive HIV-1 infection, while plasma HIV-1 RNA positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts.
The study reported here investigated the level of mRNA expression of different cytokines: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon (INF)-gamma, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-21 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell among the antiretroviral therapy naive subtype C HIV-1 infected individuals and normal healthy controls by real time polymerase chain reaction.
This monocyte dysfunction, mainly characterized by high levels of IL-6- and IL-10-producing monocytes, may have clinical implications in HIV-infected patients that are different from those in aging individuals.
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling genes are attractive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) candidate genes as IL-10 restricts intestinal inflammation, IL-10 polymorphisms have been associated with IBD in genome-wide association studies, and mutations in IL-10 and IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) genes have been reported in immunodeficient children with severe infantile-onset IBD.
Undetectable HIV RNA (<80 copies/mL) at baseline and secretion of IL-10 by PBMCs were positively associated with gains in CD4 T-cell counts at follow-up.
Immunodeficient scid mice injected with CD4+ CD45RB(high) T cells and mice deficient in interleukin (IL)-10 (IL-10-/-) are among the rodent models of IBD.
We have permanently transfected human prostate PC-3 ML tumor cells and examined the influence of interleukin 10 (IL-10) production on tumor growth and metastasis following orthotopic implantation in the prostate gland of severe combined immunodeficient mice.
Cytokine upregulation after FIV infection was most dramatic in the cervical lymph nodes, with the greatest increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma).
These observations, together with the observed hyperproduction of IL-10 in HIV-positive patients, may explain the dysregulation of IL-12 production seen in HIV disease.
Quantification of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 secretion by immunoassays, and of interferon gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 messenger RNA expression by competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction after in vitro stimulation of the TCR revealed a similar Th1 cytokine profile in T cells from HIV-infected persons and from controls.