These results indicate a significant relationship between the presence of the D allele polymorphism in the ACE gene and ADR in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes and no overt nephropathy.
Cases with diabetic nephropathy had a significantly higher frequency of the MTHFR 677 TT, 677 CT, ACE DD mutant genotypes compared with diabetic cases without nephropathy.
An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme has previously been studied extensively in relationship to cardiovascular and renal disease.
In the patients who initially were free of nephropathy, baseline plasma ACE concentration was higher in patients who progressed to microalbuminuria (571 +/- 231 versus 466 +/- 181 microg/L; P = 0.0032); the D allele independently favored the occurrence of incipient nephropathy (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 19.4); other contributors were male gender, baseline systolic BP, and urinary albumin excretion.
Our findings in the DCCT/EDIC cohort provide strong evidence that genetic variation at the ACE gene is associated with the development of nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
The ACE genotype distributions were not different in diabetic subjects with or without nephropathy (12:9:10 vs 11:10:7, p = 0.78) and derived allele frequencies were also similar (0.532:0.468 vs 0.571:0.429, p = 0.81).
Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the plasma ACE level in patients with nephropathy is partially determined by ACE/ID polymorphism, mean arterial blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate (r2 = 0.30, P < 0.001).
We determined the distribution frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in 111 Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of at least 10 years duration (80 patients with diabetic nephropathy and 31 patients without nephropathy) and 76 healthy Japanese controls.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are the first selected drugs for hypertensive patients because of its protective properties against heart and kidney diseases.
The ACE DD genotype is a risk factor for the development of renal disease in Mexican Mestizo females with type 2 diabetes, indicating a possible DD genotype-associated sex effect in renal disease.
An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been extensively studied in relation to cardiovascular and renal disease, and lung fibrosis.
Although the expression of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme in experimental and human renal disease has been well characterized, no information is available regarding human angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor expression.
We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the genes coding for ACE and eNOS may influence the development and/or progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis given their linkage with other renal diseases.
Calcium antagonists can be used as alternatives to ACE inhibitors in patients with hypertension and concomitant diabetes mellitus and/or renal disease.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism determines the antiproteinuric and systemic hemodynamic effect of enalapril in patients with proteinuric renal disease. Austrian Study Group of the Effects of Enalapril Treatment in Proteinuric Renal Disease.
There was no significant difference in the distribution of ACE I/D genotypes between patients with and without nephropathy, retinopathy and hypertension except for patients with and without neuropathy.
Whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism affects disease progression and response to ACE inhibitor therapy in nondiabetic proteinuric nephropathies is not clearly established.
Participants from the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension trial randomized to the ACE inhibitor ramipril (n = 347) were genotyped at three polymorphisms on ACE, just downstream from the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism (Ins/Del): G12269A, C17888T, and G20037A.
However, when the patients were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin receptor blocker, or corticosteroid, homozygosity for the -2518A allele was not associated with a higher rate of incidence of endstage renal disease.
Association of the ADRB2 (rs2053044) polymorphism and angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor blood pressure response in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension.