Secondary end points included any myocardial ischemia, respiratory and early procedural complications, acute kidney injury (AKI) according to RIFLE criteria (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage renal failure), spinal cord ischemia, a composite of these complications, and postoperative intensive care unit length of stay.
The main outcomes were severe infusion-related adverse events according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and the renal failure category of RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury (AKI) during treatment.
AKI was defined according to the RIFLE criteria (risk, injury, failure, loss of kidney function, and end-stage kidney disease): increase by 50% in sCr or reduction of at least 25% of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline.
We then compared KeGFR with the current standard Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN criteria) and Risk Injury Failure Loss End-Stage Kidney Disease (RIFLE criteria) and new criteria (Waikar-Bonventre, Delta check) for AKI detection.
Outcomes included acute kidney injury (AKI) defined by RIFLE and changes in serum creatinine (sCr), eGFR, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) staging up to 5 years.
A total of 119 children of INS (age: 2-18 years) fulfilling the pediatric RIFLE criteria for the diagnosis of AKI were enrolled and followed up for 3 months to determine the outcome.
However, postoperative AKI (assessed by 2 criteria) occurred more frequently in group HES than in group NoHES (by KDIGO criteria: 10.7% vs. 3.6%; OR 3.43 [95% CI, 1.67-7.04]; P < .001 and by RIFLE criteria: 9.6% vs. 2%; OR 3.32 [95% CI, 1.34-8.24]; P = .01).
The adoption of diagnostic criteria for AKI (RIFLE, AKIN and KDIGO) has facilitated comparison of data reported by different centres, confirming that even mild AKI is associated with excess mortality.
Three hundred thirty nine patients were included; AKI developed in 141 (41.6%) patients; RISK in 27 (8%) patients; INJURY in 25 (7%); FAILURE in 89 (26%) by the RIFLE criteria.
Urine output criteria detected AKI in patients without AKI at ICU admission in a median of 13 h (IQR 7-22 h; using RIFLE definition) after admission compared to a median of 24 h using serum creatinine criteria (IQR24-48 h).
This study evaluated the incidence, predictors and prognosis of AKI associated with scrub typhus according to the RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage kidney disease) criteria.
Group I also manifested significantly higher incidence of AKI than group II (62.7% vs. 28.5%, p = 0.005), even when stratified according to RIFLE criteria ('Risk' 33.9% vs. 10.7%; 'Injury' 10.2% vs. 8.9%; 'Failure' 18.6% vs. 8.9%; p = 0.03).