Based on these findings, we have elected to include the Cough and Sputum Assessment Questionnaire or CASA-Q, a validated instrument to collect patient-reported outcomes (PRO), besides the use of the COPD assessment test or CAT to assess the severity and impact of COPD in drug development studies for COPD.
There was a significant, moderate, positive relation between the mean scores for Caregiver Burden and COPD Assessment Test (r = 0.51; p < 0.001) and a significant, negative relation between the scores for COPD Self-Efficacy Scale and its subscales and the scores for CAT (r = -0.26 - r = -0.52; p < 0.05).
Patients in stable COPD with high CAT scores and depression were most likely to experience new-onset exhaustion episodes Thus, exhaustion might be predicted by a combination of psychological factors and respiratory health status.
Compared to mice in the COPD group, mice treated with Celastrol had significantly reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and significantly increased levels of oxidative stress factors superoxide dismutase and catalase.
The multivariate model of variables independently associated with CAT included depression, dysfunctional breathing symptoms (Nijmegen score), and illness perception, in addition to COPD symptoms (wheeze, cough), exercise capacity, breathlessness, exacerbations, and deprivation; this model explained 72% of CAT score variation.
In patients with COPD, visual scoring (computed tomographic score) was assessed to determine emphysema severity, which was used to evaluate associations with CAT gene polymorphisms.
Consequently, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genetic polymorphisms may have an important role in COPD pathogenesis.
The increase in erythrocyte catalase activity in Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease probably indicates dysfunction of the oxidant/antioxidant defence system, but it is unclear whether this increase is compensatory or a pathogenic factor.
Among the 42 studied candidate genes, the expressions of mRNA for catalase, glutathion S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), glutathion S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEPHX) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) were significantly decreased in COPD lung tissues compared with those in non-COPD tissues, and most of these decreases were significantly correlated with the degree of airflow limitation.
The increase in erythrocyte catalase activity in Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease probably indicates dysfunction of the oxidant/antioxidant defence system, but it is unclear whether this increase is compensatory or a pathogenic factor.
In a case-control study, the allele and genotype frequencies of functional polymorphisms from SOD1 (CuZnSOD), SOD2 (MnSOD), SOD3 (extracellular SOD), and catalase (CAT) were compared in chronic smokers with normal lung function (resistant smokers) and in those with COPD.