A strong positive correlation was demonstrated between L1 transcripts and gene products that mediate de novo and constitutive DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)3B, DNMT1, and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), in both SS MSG and lupus renal tissues.
We investigated the influence of spontaneous gut leakage upon polymicrobial sepsis in a lupus model with Fc gamma receptor IIb-deficient (FcGRIIb-/-) mice aged 8 and 40 weeks, as representing asymptomatic and symptomatic lupus, respectively.
Our observations provide new insights about the MZ B cell translocation in lupus patients as well as the dichotomy of TLR9 and TLR7 signals in the pathogenesis of lupus.
FcγRIIb-I232T is a hypofunctional polymorphism associated with lupus susceptibility in humans, an autoimmune disease linked to diminished deletion of autoreactive B cells.
In <i>in vivo</i> analyses, the simultaneous presence of TGF-β and IL-10 effectively suppressed TLR-mediated antigen-specific immune responses and ameliorated pathologies in imiquimod (TLR7 agonist)-induced lupus model and lupus-prone MRL/<i>lpr</i> mice.
CD19<sup>Cre</sup><i>Yaa</i> mice developed milder lupus than B6.FcγRIIb<sup>-/-</sup><i>Yaa</i> mice, indicating that FcγRIIb deficiency on B cells is not sufficient for the development of severe disease.
Although we could not demonstrate susceptibility toward lupus in the presence of IRF5rs2004640 (G/T) polymorphism, further exploration of the genetic variability of IRF5 may help uncover its pathogenic role in Indian SLE patients.
These findings suggest a unique link between neutrophils and B cells in which NETs trigger a concerted activation of TLR9 and BCR leading to anti-NET autoantibody production in lupus.
Here, using spontaneous murine models of lupus (i.e., BXSB/MpJ and NZB/W F1 mice), we demonstrate that administration of Gal-9 results in reduced TLR7-mediated autoimmune manifestations.
The roles of these cytokines are different in RA and lupus, as high IL-10 in RA is associated with increased depressive symptoms, but high IL-10 in the lupus patients is associated with decreased depression.
Thus, our data suggest that excessive expression of IFN-I through the activation of TLR7/9 signaling may induce accelerated atherosclerosis in lupus through the depletion or dysfunction of EPCs, suggesting that targeting IFN-I might have potential therapeutic effects on both lupus disease and premature atherosclerosis in SLE patients.
In <i>in vivo</i> analyses, the simultaneous presence of TGF-β and IL-10 effectively suppressed TLR-mediated antigen-specific immune responses and ameliorated pathologies in imiquimod (TLR7 agonist)-induced lupus model and lupus-prone MRL/<i>lpr</i> mice.
Anti-IL-21 treatment also led to a reduction in GC B cells, CD138<sup>hi</sup> plasmablasts, IFN-γ-dependent IgG2c production, and autoantibodies, indicating that Tfh cell-derived IL-21 is critical for pathological B cell cues in lupus.
Mice harboring kinase-inactive IRAK4 on the lupus-prone Yaa background manifested blunted TLR signaling in macrophages and reduced glomerulonephritis, splenomegaly, serum anti-nuclear antibodies, numbers of splenic macrophages, total and TNF-α<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells, activated T- and B-lymphocytes, and lower TNF-α expression in macrophages compared with lupus-prone mice with functional IRAK4.
Because mice deficient in either Sirt1 or FcγRIIB develop lupus-like diseases, we investigated whether resveratrol can alleviate lupus through FcγRIIB.