These findings suggest an important association of RANTES concentrations in Plasmodium falciparum malaria disease pathogenesis, as well as recovery, mediated through differential modulation and regulated activation of monocytes and cytokine TNF-α.
Further large scale studies across multiple malaria endemic populations will be required to determine the specific roles of TNF-308 and TNF-238 in the outcome of falciparum malaria infection.
Five TNF enhancer SNPs and the FCGR2A R131H (G/A) SNP were analyzed for association with severity of P. falciparum malaria in a malaria-endemic and a non-endemic region of India in a case-control study with ethnically-matched controls enrolled from both regions.
We examined a possible association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) promoter -1031T>C (rs1799964), -863C>A (rs1800630), and -857C>T (rs1799724) with severe malaria in 466 adult patients having Plasmodium falciparum malaria in northwest Thailand.
The genetic susceptibility to severe forms of falciparum malaria is differentially associated with TNF-alpha promoter gene polymorphisms (TNFP alleles).
In a longitudinal study on malariological parameters in Gabon, TNF promoter variants of 98 children initially presenting with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, followed by a total of 504 reinfection events within 52 months, and 100 children initially presenting with mild malaria followed by a total of 342 reinfections were analyzed.
Tumor necrosis factor in Plasmodium falciparum malaria: high plasma level is associated with fever, but high production capacity is associated with rapid fever clearance.