Taken together, our findings suggest that ATF2 contributes to UVC-induced apoptosis through transcriptional silencing of TNFalpha, which balances Fas-mediated cell death in melanoma.
Sensitization of tumor necrosis factor alpha-resistant human melanoma by tumor-specific in vivo transfer of the gene encoding endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II using recombinant vaccinia virus.
We demonstrate here that constitutive overexpression of EMAPII in a TNF-resistant human melanoma line by retroviral-mediated transfer of EMAPII cDNA renders the tumor sensitive to the effects of systemic TNF in vivo, but not in vitro.
Clinical and pharmacokinetic data for 20 consecutive patients with recurrent melanoma of the limbs who were treated by ILP with TNF-alpha (3-4 mg) and melphalan, with or without interferon-gamma, were studied.
Both pretreatment and simultaneous treatment of melanoma cells with IFN-alpha or IFN-beta inhibited the IL-1beta and TNF-alpha up-regulation of IL-8 mRNA levels.
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a vaccine therapy using tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene-transduced autologous tumor cells for the treatment of human gastrointestinal cancers, which tend to have lower immunogenicity than other cancers such as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
We tested IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and interleukin-2 (IL-2), which are presumably released by infiltrating leukocytes in the melanoma lesional environment, on three melanoma cell lines.
Data presented show that B7-1 expression by melanoma lines: (i) significantly induced, or improved, an IL-2-dependent proliferative response of such clones to the antigen; (ii) increased the amount of IL-2 produced by two clones in response to the parental non-transfected tumour cells; and (iii) increased the TNF responses of all the CD4+ clones.
Expression of interleukin 1 alpha, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha genes in human melanoma clones is associated with that of mutated N-RAS oncogene.
These preclinical results suggest that the immune response to melanoma whole-cell vaccines might be enhanced by pretreating vaccine cells with IL-4 plus TNF.
Thus, in melanoma cells like Cmel with a high constitutive expression of the c-myc oncogene, the antiproliferative action of rIFN-gamma and rTNF-alpha may be mediated by an inhibition of the expression of c-myc.
Tumor necrosis factor--stimulated melanoma cells bound more VLA-4-expressing cells (melanoma and monocytes) than resting tumor cells and anti-VCAM-1 monoclonal antibodies significantly inhibited binding, thus suggesting that surface VCAM-1 on melanoma is functional.
All the tumor cells in both the co-cultivated malignant melanomas and their in vitro tumorous nodules produced TNF-alpha/cachectin, even those derived from the melanoma cell line, which originally did not.